Vodafone UK

Vodafone UK launched its first 2G GSM services in 1991 operating a standard 900 and 1800 MHz band network. The first 3G service was launched in 2001, but took until June 2006 to become a true 3G UMTS data network. In 2012 the company added HSPA+ and shortly after DC-HSPA+ high speed packet data services. The company's 3G services were provided over B1 (2100 MHz) and from 2012 B8 (900 MHz). The network shutdown was completed by end of February 2024.

Vodafone secured spectrum in the 800 and 2600 MHz bands in February 2013 following an Ofcom auction. First 4G LTE services were available on the 29th of August that same year, operating over the B20 (800 MHz) carrier. In October 2014 the company announced it had begun deploying 225 Mbps LTE-A with 2C carrier aggregation, combining 20 MHz of B7 (2600 MHz) and 10 MHz of B20 (800 MHz). A spectrum trade deal conducted in September 2015 saw Vodafone UK secure 1400 MHz (L-band) spectrum for SDL deployment.

In July 2016 Vodafone and technology partner Huawei, announced trials of its B38 (2600 MHz) TDD network with 4X4 MIMO technology in combination with 8T8R on its network in Manchester. By June the company had announced deployment of 4x4 MIMO, 3C aggregation with newly activated B1 (2100 MHz) LTE, and 256QAM, making it one of the regions first LTE-A Pro networks.

Spectrum Refarming

Holding 14.8 MHz of paired spectrum, Vodafone UK commenced refarming of its B1 (2100 MHz) 3G UMTS network in early 2017. Initially refarming a single 5 MHz carrier, the company has since refarmed the entire allocation to produce a 15 MHz B1 (2100 MHz) 4G LTE carrier. Similarly, the company's 5.8 MHz of 1800 MHz 2G GSM spectrum has been refarmed to produce a 5 MHz B3 (1800 MHz) LTE carrier. 900 MHz refarming has also been conducted, producing a 5 MHz B8 (900 MHz) carrier from spectrum previously used for GSM services.

Vodafone UK IoT

Despite being a leading proponent of NB-IoT and having an extensive international NB-IoT network, Vodafone's domestic NB-IoT deployment took significant time to come to fruition. Vodafone advised that it had achieved national coverage across the United Kingdom in September 2018. The narrowband network uses B8 (900 MHz) and B20 (800 MHz) carriers.

The company secured 50 MHz of 3.5 GHz spectrum in the April 2018 Ofcom auction, acquiring frequencies 3410 to 3460 MHz. Shortly after, Vodafone announced 5G trials in seven cities across the UK beginning in June 2018. Vodafone achieved the UK's first holographic call over 5G in September 2018. In March 2019 Vodafone announced it would launch 5G in 19 cities during 2019 - with the date of 3rd July announced in a May press release.

Right on schedule Vodafone became the second UK mobile operator to turn on its 5G network only days after EE's 5G launch. The service went live in seven UK cities: Bristol, Birmingham, Cardiff, London, Liverpool, Manchester and Glasgow, with a further twelve cities following later in 2019.

The network was later enhanced with the introduction of n1 and n8 DSS carriers in October 2020 and June 2023 respectively. The entire network was upgraded to Standalone (SA) in June 2023.